We are here to launch a truly interdisciplinary effort, uniting molecular imaging and spectroscopy, mathematical modeling, machine learning, art conservation, and art history to uncover the hidden histories embedded within artworks. Paintings and cultural artifacts often contain layered structures, altered pigments, and reworked compositions that cannot be understood from their surfaces alone. By fusing advanced imaging with new computational and AI-driven models of material change, our team aims to virtually unravel these layers, reconstruct original colors, trace artistic decisions, and reveal how works have evolved over time. This collaboration will not only provide conservators and historians with powerful tools for restoration and interpretation, but also advance machine learning methods for multimodal data with impact far beyond the arts.